Outline and Evaluate Essay Example

Outline and Evaluate Paper Feminism is a movement for women trying to get equal rights for themselves. Feminism first emerged in the late 60s, but women as early as the beginning of the 20-century, called the Suffragette movement tried to get the vote for women. The Feminism movement of the 60s and especially feminist sociologists were critical of sociology, for ignoring gender issues and women and research being malestream. And so feminists took it upon themselves to open up new research other than that of research by men focusing on men. The new areas of research by women were taken into the work place, education and health. The womens liberation Movement in the early 60s founded the feminist perspective and had 7 aims such as: equal pay, equal education and job opportunities, 24-hour nurseries, free contraception and abortion, legal and financial independence for women. And end to discrimination against lesbians and the right of all women to define their own sexuality and an end to all the laws, assumptions and institutions that perpetuate male dominance and mens aggression towards women. These 7 aims led to research into institutions such as the work place and education system to work out what could be done. Early feminists are critical of malestream research in sociology. They argue that a lot of important sociological research is focused on men, this is called malestream sociology. Feminist research has contributed to the research into the position of women in society. In this research the key concepts developed are gender, ideology and patriarchy, and gender in particular will come across in all topics of research. An example of malestream and recent feminist approach to research is in sociology of deviance. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The traditional malestream approach focused on juvenile delinquency, football hooliganism and other predominantly male deviance while the feminist approach looks at the crime against women such as domestic and sexual assaults and the victims of crime, not the criminals. More relevant to todays society is the research in education, in the early 60s through to early 90s girls always did worse than boys in school, and so feminists took it upon themselves to research why girls did worse than boys. Research by Dale Spender (1983) Invisible Women The schooling scandal. Showed that schools reinforce gender inequalities, her evidence was that the boys received 60% of the attention. Jane French (86) said socialisation of the children is the problem, they are conditioned to except roles. Sue sharp (76) Just like a girl Research suggested secondary education was to blame for the gender gap and sexism. All this research by feminists has made the central government focus on the inequalities in education. Nowadays more attention and effort is given to girls on achieving, GCSEs and A level coursework favours girls and now girls are doing better than boys. This is shown in Sue Sharps re-study (90) showed that fewer women were conforming to stereotypes, suggesting that the sexism and gender gap in education is becoming smaller. This shows that research by feminists can actually strongly benefit the women of society and contribute to sociology. Sociology would class that there are 3 main feminist perspectives, Liberalism, Marxist and Radical. While feminists would argue there are 7 main feminist perspectives, which also include Feminist Marxist, Materialist, Socialist and Black. These 7 feminist approaches have all contributed to sociological research by researching different aspects of society. Marxist feminists regard the economic position of women as crucial to their oppression. Veronica Beechey (1977) regard womens position in the family makes them a special target for capitalist exploitation- women still seen as primarily unpaid homemakers dependant on husbands finance. Research such as this has led to government handing out financial aid to women of families, which gives women money directly, which they can spend when they need it. Christine Delphy (1984) is a materialist feminist rather than a Marxist feminist because she claims Marxism cannot explain womens oppression; Karl Marx sees a genderless proletariat and does not pay enough attention to women. She uses the Marxist method but alters the content of its theories. She says there are two modes of production: industrial and domestic. The latter leads to patriarchal exploitation and the formation of two classes: men and women in which the man exploits his wife for sexual and domestic services. He dominates and controls. Women are domestic slaves. So Christine Delphy would argue that research has highlighted the problem but know we need to do something about it. The feminist contribution to sociological research has been strong. It has pointed out patriarchy in the home, and in society and education and in research it self. Black feminists would argue that feminist theory as a whole lacks concern and relevance to black women, they see the feminist theory has been about western women ignoring third world women. And so the Black feminist movement has led to research for black women and a greater awareness of the inequalities black women face around the world. In all the feminism has contributed a lot to sociological research, as originally research just focused on males, but now 50% of all research focuses on women as well which allows sociology to be more relevant to society. Evidence to show that feminists have contributed to sociological research is in the education institution. Before research on girls in education, boys were doing much better at exams, but since the research on girls in education. Girls are doing much better than boys in exams, which shows that the research actually helped people and is relevant to society. But now the question is, is the feminist contribution to research still relevant, as the research already done highlights the problems for females in society. But the answer is yes as we need the research to show that we are not converting back to a patriarchy society, and that we are still striking a balance in research and not being malestream.

The Race

The Race Descriptive-Narrative Essay The day had come! I had won, crossing the sprayed white finish line on the scorching black rubber track. My high sense of excitement warred against the total fatigue of my body. Time suspended itself in a single frame, trapped in a perfect crystal. This day seemed mystical and felt like it could only be accomplished in the most vivid of dreams.May 22, 2000 contained the greatest event of the entire track season, the Mid Miami League Championship. To even compete in this historic event proved that a track runner deserved to be remembered forever in the history books. I was a part of the proud few chosen to represent our school, the Miamisburg Vikings. I was ready to do battle for my school, like a devoted soldier ready to defend his country. Annihilation of all competition in the one hundred meter hurtles remained my only objective.Aerial view of Miamisburg, a city in southern Mont...The one hundred-meter hurtles stretched before my gaze. There were ten- bl ack and white, perfectly spaced, their peeling structures showing their age over the years. They rested upon the burning hot serpent that displayed its distinctive white lines running parallel down its black skin. The competition seemed grim and desolate. I knew this race was mine until I saw the evil one destined to bring my doom.His name, Randy Smith. Stone cold gray eyes and wild jet-black hair instantly put a fear in my body greater than that of the dark. His body, strong and lean, looked as if chiseled from a rare diamond of a supernatural realm. I watched as he paced back and forth with an unholy look of determination in his eyes. He turned to see me studying him and arrogantly walked over. With authority he said, "Hey Chris, you better be feeling good today,

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior - Essay Example Floor care products are majorly bought by women who range between 36 to 50 years who are married and take care of their dwellings. Women are majorly concerned about the cleanliness at home and aim at buying products that maintain hygiene at nominal price. As women in today's world are equal bread earners, they are independent to make purchase decisions. The consumer product proposal is good. As mentioned, there must be a new product line improved as a new market strategy to attract new customers and also to retain the existing customer by providing them different options. The new product line must concentrate more on the price and efficacy than the eco friendly and safety aspects of it. As the price factor is the priority of the customers, there has to be a relatively decrease in price for the product to compete with the existing products in the market. By decreasing the manufacturing cost and also reducing the cost of the product, there can be an increase in the volume of goods sold in the market and it will reach the customers effectively. Higher the volume of sales, greater is the profit. These new products can be marketed to mass merchandises like Walmart and K mart in their premier shelves as the inflow of people on a daily basis is very high and people believe in their prices and products. Expanding in to other retail sectors are also a good strategic move, as they can attract a different set of new customers and is a good market development. Expanding in to new sector will familiarize the product and brand in the market. The marketing strategies like online sales will be an added advantage as people now adays prefer online buying which is very comfortable. Online buying has become one o the most common ways of purchasing a products since the last decade. Online sales have doubled during the past two years, with 53 percent of US Web users saying they have made interactive purchases so far in 1999. ("Pastore", 1999) There can be few more consumer recommendations like anti bacterial product which prevents floor from infections, easy usage of the products by providing free liquid sprays, refreshing fragrant liquid, easy stain removal sprays etc. The proposal for commercial product is good; it has aimed at diversifying its supply areas to hospital and nursing homes as the hospitality industry is untapped. The commercial proposal will definitely work because of the increase in span of supply to other commercial sectors and concentrating on the pricing strategy. Whether it is an individual or an organization, they look at optimization of the product and a better value for money. When a product is sold at a nominal cost in the market and is also efficient, it has a better market penetration. A private label floor cleaner will be a good growth strategy as it will have good market development. The health care sector has a high concern for cleanliness and hygiene. It can be observed from any health care organization that there is a high level of abidance for cleanliness. There will be a house keeper who will keep cleaning the floor for at least five to ten times in a day. Their usage is also high where there is a high volume sales opportunity. Adding

Analysis of THE WIRE-Episode 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of THE WIRE-Episode 3 - Essay Example With Pryzbylewski and Colvin and other characters the story makes a deeper impact on the minds of audience. For Pryzbylewski, it is heard to teach students in an environment which is infected by drugs and unethical values and behaviors. The episode is a fine mixture of different topics and events that revolves around different subjects and characters. The episode covers the most controversial topic that how people play an effective role in running the politics. It starts from the scene when the Mayor Clarence Royce meets with the police commissioner Ervin Burrell to disclose his opinion on the brutal killing of a murder witness. However, his failure caused him a greater disadvantage over his opponent Tommy Carcetti that gained him a clear distinction in votes over Royce. On the other hand, Burrell assures the mayor that investigations will be made in order to find out the real case behind the brutal murder of the witness. Royce plans on how he can win a complete victory over Carcetti. He knows how to play his dirty political cards rightly against Carcetti. He orders Parker to demotivate Carcetti’s supporters and at the same time, he asks Burrell and Demper to organize a press conference and take all the blam e of this specific murder on their shoulders; leaving him as an innocent Mayor who has been kept uninformed of all the situation and the gravity of the situation. His dirty thoughts start worrying Demper who is very much conscious about his own reputation in the re-election campaign but Royce threatens him and his career. Watkins silently observes the entire situation and blames Royce for his actions. Earlier, he has proposed a witness protection scheme and lays down the plans for its funding but Royce wanted to make sure that funds for the scheme should match his own budget. As a result, the Royce failed to guarantee life security to the witness and is now facing all the stern opposition

Constitution and Administrative Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitution and Administrative Law - Coursework Example The case was held by Lord Reid, that it was the state was liability to compensate the damage caused to the Japanese. This was awarded successfully. However, there was a retrospective Act of parliament that was formed 1965 following war damages. This law outlined that no compensation was to be awarded following a lawful order from a legitimate person in authority, as long as it is in the favor of the state. A Law is a body of principles; rules and regulations recognized and applicable to a state in the management of justice.3 Due to different areas of their application, laws are grouped into different categories such as constitutional law, administration law, and criminal law among the others. Constitutional law is concerned with the powers and role of institutions within the state and with the relationship between the state and the citizen.4 The constitution is a lively, dynamic entity which at any point in time; reflects the political and moral values of the people it governs. Accordingly, the law of the constitution must be appreciated within the social and political context in which it operates. There are three major arms of government including the judiciary, legislature, and executive. Judiciary is concerned with the enforcement of rules and regulations in the society. The main role of the legislature is to create and amend laws. The executive arm of government is concerned with planning and implementation of plans and developmental roles of government in the society. Every government has a law making body that is concerned with the amendments and creation of new laws in the society.5 Law changes and nature of rules are meant to boost efficiency and effectiveness of the governance of the people in the society. â€Å"The law making body of government is referred to as legislature and parliament is the sovereign body of the legislation in most states†6 Parliament being the sovereign legislative body has sole jurisdiction over its

A Scope Of Microsoft Essay -- essays research papers

There are many factors that must be considered when â€Å"scoping† out a company for a potential merger or acquisition. I being the CEO of a major competitive software manufacturing company look for many things. Things such as strategic planning, financial performance, technological advances and marketing opportunities are just some of the factors that must be looked at when considering another company for acquisition. In this case, Microsoft Corporation is our target. I will be examining the above-mentioned factors before making my decision on whether or not an acquisition will be feasible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Microsoft Corporation was founded in 1975 by William H. Gates III. The company, which was inspired by Gates, had a vision of computers powered by software developed by the company being a way of life. The goal was to integrate computers into people’s everyday lives. The company started out in Gates’ garage with primitive technology and unlimited aspiration. Today the company has grown to be the world’s number one software developer and manufacturer. The company offers a very diverse line of products ranging from home user applications to high tech business software. Microsoft develops and manufactures a full line of games, web publishing, and most importantly, it’s number one piece of software, Windows 2000 and ever-popular Office 2000. The world basically runs on Microsoft software. The software is shipped with 70% of the world’s computers giving Microsoft a total of over 19 billion dollars in revenues for 1999. Microsoft has re cently emerged in the world of Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) to become a competitor of the well-known America Online. The Microsoft Network (MSN) as it is known offers users the same advantages of the leading ISP’s while incorporating its own technology to make the online experience more user friendly and technologically advanced than the others. MSN allows users to interface their online work with their regular operating software to allow for easier web publishing, more advanced multimedia presentations, and quicker processing time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many issues concerning Microsoft’s strategies. Many say that the company is only in the market to take over and monopolize. As a matter of fact, the United States Government is currently in a civil anti-trust case against the company. Evid... ... and manufacturer that will occupy every sector of the software industry. Our manufacturing plants can be consolidated and re-structured to cut costs, wile adapting to manufacture the new software line that my company would introduce. Our management team can be re-structured as well so that strategic planning and decision-making will better implement our new ideas and technological advances. Finally, our market share will be greatly increased because of the ability to be exposed to countries that we are not currently involved in. I feel that a combination of our companies would be probably the most beneficial event that could occur in my company. Microsoft has proven itself to be the number one software company in the world; together we would be unstoppable. One problem with this joint venture would be the matter with the pending Anti-Trust case, which would probably be further fueled by this joint venture. Whatever the outcome of the case, which by the way seems to be nearing a settlement, I feel that the newly formed company will be the best thing that has happened in software since 1975. **All factual and financial information was taken from Microsoft’s 1999 Financial Report.

Dowry System Essay

In India, dowry (Hindi: à ¤ ¦Ã  ¤ ¹Ã  ¥â€¡Ã  ¤Å", DahÄ“ja) is the payment in cash or some kind of gifts given to a bridegroom’s family along with the bride. Generally, they include cash, jewellery, electrical appliances, furniture, bedding, crockery, utensils and other household items that help the newlywed set up her home. Wedding gifts of the son of the imam of Delhi India with soldiers and 2000 guests The dowry system is thought to put great financial burden on the bride’s family. It has been cited as one of the reasons for families andwomen in India resorting to sex selection in favor of sons. This has distorted the sex ratio of India (940 females per thousand males) and may have given rise to female foeticide. The payment of a dowry has been prohibited under The 1961 Dowry Prohibition Act in Indian civil law and subsequently by Sections 304B and 498a of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Contents 1 Prevalence 2 Laws 3 Social factors 4 Economic factors 5 Domestic violence 5.1 Physical abuse 5.2 Emotional abuse 5.3 Murder 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Prevalence The trends regarding dowry in India vary across the nation.[6] Over the last few decades, there has been an observed transition from the brideprice system, where wealth flows from the groom to the bride’s family, to the dowry system where wealth flows in the opposite direction. According to studies, areas in south India have traditionally practiced the brideprice system, even among  upper castes. In the north, societal differences in marriage led upper castes to practice a dowry system, while in lower classes brideprice was more common. Wedding Procession- Bride Under a Canopy with Gifts. Circa 1800 In the last 100 years, the dowry system has taken over the brideprice system, and the existing dowry system is becoming more entrenched in cultures that have practiced it traditionally. According to research, brideprice has been declining since the beginning of the 20th century, and today very little is still in practice. Rather, dowry has been growing both in families participating and in cost across India. Studies show there are also variations on dowry prevalence based on geography and class. States in the north are more likely to participate in the dowry system among all classes, and dowry is more likely to be in the form of material and movable goods.[5] In the south, the brideprice system is still more likely, and is more often in the form of land, or other inheritance goods. This system is tied to the social structure of marriage, which keeps marriage inside or close to family relations.[5] Dowry also varies by cl ass, or caste, in India. Upper-class families are more likely to engage in the dowry system than the lower class. This could be in part due to women’s economic exclusion from the labor market in upper classes. Laws See also: Dowry law in India Dowry became prohibited by law in 1961 with the purpose of prohibiting the demanding, giving and taking of dowry. Although providing dowry is illegal, it is still common in many parts of India for a husband to seek a dowry from the wife’s family, in some cases leading to extortion or violence against the wife. To stop offences of cruelty by the husband or his relatives against the wife, section 498A was added to the Indian Penal Code and section 198A to the Criminal Procedure Code in 1983. Section 498A has been criticised by many in India as being prone to misuse. The law was challenged in court, but upheld by the Supreme Court of India in 2005. Social factors Social changes across time have contributed to the modern dowry system in  India. Some of the social factors influencing dowry include tradition, increased women’s rights, and the â€Å"marriage squeeze†, which is the shortage of eligible men for marriage. Tradition is certainly one explanation given by scholars to address the prevailing dowry system. One aspect of this is the structure and kinship of marriage in parts of India. In the north, marriage usually follows a patrilocal (lives with husband’s family) system, where the groom is a non-related member of the family. This system encourages dowry perhaps due to the exclusion of the bride’s family after marriage as a form of premortem inheritance for the bride. In the south, marriage is more often conducted within the bride’s family, for example with close relatives or cross-cousins, and in a closer physical distance to her family. In addition, brides may have the ability to inherit land, which makes her more valuable in the marriage, decreasing the chance of dowry over the bride price system. In addition to marriage customs that may influence dowry, social customs or rituals, and parents expectations of dowry are important factors to consider. Several studies show that while attitudes of people are changing about dowry, the institution has changed very little, and even continues to prevail. In a study conducted by Rao (1980), 75% of students responded that dowry was not important to marriage, but 40% of their parents’ likely expected dowry. The social and traditional influence on dowry is not to be neglected. While India has been making progress for women’s rights, women continue to be subject of their family and husband. Women’s education, income, and health are some significant factors that play into the dowry system, and for how much control a woman has over her marriage. According to data, India still limits women’s social interactions, and restricts economic and social rights. In addition, the stress and financial burden of the dowry system may lead to son preference, which can lead to a skewed sex ratio (see also the economic factors and domestic violence sections). Lastly, there is a stro ng argument given for the â€Å"marriage squeeze† trend for dowry. This theory explains that increased fertility coupled with decreased mortality has caused a shortage of eligible men has declined, raising the dependence on and cost of dowry. This increases women’s competition in the marriage market, and decreases their value compared to other brides, unless dowry is competitive. According to Rao (1993), these  conditions will be less critical as marriage age increases for women, and pressure to find a mate declines. Indian weddings can be lavish events that can last multiple days Economic factors There are many economic factors that contribute towards the system of dowry. Some of these include inheritance systems and the bride’s economic status. Because female-based inheritance was not legal in India until law reforms in the 1950s, dowry may have begun as a form of legal inheritance for daughters. The system would give women economic and financial security in their marriage in the form of movable goods. This helped prevent family wealth break-up and provided security to the bride at the same time. This system can also be used as a premorteminheritance, as once a woman is presented with movable gifts, she may be cut off from the family estate. The act of bidding farewell to one’s own family members as the bride leaves her home and steps into that of her husband’s is often an emotional one However, as the system evolved, dowry has become a greater financial burden on the family, and can leave families destitute based on the demands from the groom. According to research done by Heyer (1992) and Srinivasan (2005), the amount of gold demanded as dowry has increased from around five pavun (1 Pavun= 8 grams) in 1930 to 100 or more pavun in 2000. The increase in dowry prices has immense implications on families and on women in Indian society including physical and emotional abuse, murder, and sex selective abortion and infanticide (see #Domestic violence section). Another factor affecting dowry is the bride’s economic status. When a bride’s family is from a upper class (or caste), the family is expected to pay more for her dowry, and provide a grand display of wealth. This can be detrimental to a bride ’s wedding prospects if the family cannot afford the dowry, and can lead to some women either being forced into an unfavorable marriage or not marrying at all.Women in higher castes are also sometimes not expected to contribute financially to the family she enters, besides household work, which may cause the prevalence of dowry over brideprice. Domestic violence Dowry is considered a major contributor towards observed violence against women in India. Some of these offences include physical violence, emotional abuses, and even murder of brides and girls. National Crime Records in India reported approximately 6,000–7,000 dowry-related deaths every year and about 43,000–50,000 cases of mental and physical torture over the years from 1999-2003, indicating that violence and dowry are a serious national concern. Physical abuse Physical violence against women has been a growing concern in India over the last few decades. Recently married women can be a target for dowry related violence, because she is tied economically and socially to her new husband. As discussed in previous sections on social and economic factors, dowry can undermine the importance of women in society, which might lead to further domestic violence, because dowry may contribute to women’s inferior status in her family and in her culture. In addition, there are studies indicating dowry as a threat, or hostage type situation, in order to attain greater funds from the bride’s family. This can be seen in young (and often pregnant) brides, who are most vulnerable in the situation.[16] This type of stuation can occur with the threat or occurrence of violence, so that the bride’s family is left with no choice but to give more dowry to protect their daughter. In these cases, the husband and his family hold immense power, while the bride is left powerless; this can lead to murder and suicide. The areas of the greatest observed dowry related violence is in the Indian statesof Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. Emotional abuse The impact of dowry can leave a woman helpless and desperate, which can cumulate in emotional trauma and abuse. Brides are often considered owned by their husbands, and often have very little power in the marriage, which can lead to depression and suicide. Dowry reinforces these beliefs and is considered to escalate effects of emotional trauma in a marriage. Murder The system of dowry has also been linked to murder of young brides. Physical abuses described above can also result in murder. These murders can arise due to the financial demands from a husband, or dissatisfaction of the bride from the groom’s family. In addition, the concept of â€Å"Bride Burning† refers to the sacrificial murder of a bride who is unsatisfactory to her husband in the form of dowry. In these cases, the woman is considered a sacrifice to her husband due to her inadequacy, and is glorified as an honorable woman. These cases reinforce the structured violence against women, while glorified as being â€Å"purer or more sacred than a dowry death†. In addition to bride murder, the institution of dowry may also reinforce sex-selective abortion and female infanticide.[14] Due to the social and economic burdens of dowry, families may choose boys over girls, so that they avoid consequences of the system. This then may strengthen gendered violence and pref erential male treatment in society. There are laws like Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 that help to reduce domestic violence and to protect women’s rights. References 1. Jump up^ Godrej ‘Nupur Jagruti’- Dahej Ke Khilaf Ek Awaz 2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Anderson, Siwan (2007). â€Å"The Economics of Dowry and Brideprice†. The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21 (4): 151–174. doi:10.1257/jep.21.4.151. 3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Srinivasan, Sharada (2005). â€Å"Daughters or Dowries? The Changing Nature of Dowry Practices in South India†. World Development 33 (4): 593–615.doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.12.003. 4. Jump up^ Census of India – India at a Glance : Sex Ratio 5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dalmia, Sonia; Pareena G. Lawrence (2005). â€Å"The Institution of Dowry in India: Why It Continues to Prevail†. The Journal of Developing Areas 38 (2): 71–93.doi:10.1353/jda.2005.0018. 6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Bhat, P. N. Mari; Shiva S. Halli (1999). â€Å"Demography of Brideprice and Dowry: Causes and Consequences of the Indian Marriage Squeeze.†. Population Studies 53 (2): 129–148.doi:10.1080/00324720308079. 7. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Rao, V. (1993). â€Å"Dowry ‘inflation’ in rural India: A statistical investigation†. Population Studies 47 (2): 283–293. doi:10.1080/0032472031000147016. 8. Jump up^ Hutton, J.H. (1963). Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origins. Bombay: Oxford University Press. 9. Jump up^ Srinivas, M.N. (1989). The Cohesive Role of Sanskritization and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 10. Jump up^ â€Å"Amend dowry law to stop its misuse, SC tells govt†. The Times Of India. 2010-08-17. 11. Jump up^ â€Å"Sushil Kumar Sharma vs Union Of India And Ors on 19 July, 2005†. Indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 2013-02-18. 12. ^ Jump up to:a b Krishnaswamy, Saroja (1995). â€Å"Dynamics of p ersonal and social factors influencing the attitude of married and unmarried working women towards dowry†. International Journal of Sociology of the Family 25 (1): 31–42. 13. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Rao, V.V. Prakasa; V. Nandini Rao (1980). â€Å"The Dowry System In Indian Marriages: Attitudes, Expectations And Practices†. International Journal of Sociology of the Family 10 (1): 99–113. 14. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f SRINIVASAN, SHARADA; ARJUN S. BEDI (2007). â€Å"Domestic Violence and Dowry: Evidence from a South Indian Village†. World Development 35 (5): 857–880.doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.08.005. 15. ^ Jump up to:a b c Seager, Joni (2009). The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World. New York: Penguin Group. 16. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i Teays, Wanda (1991). â€Å"The Burning Bride: The Dowry Problem in India†. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 7 (2): 29–52. 17. ^ Jump up to:a b Srinivasan, Padma; Gary R. Lee (2004). â€Å"The Dowry System in Northern India: Women’s Attitudes and Social Change†. Journal of Marriage and Family 66 (5): 1108–1117.doi:10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00081.x. 18. ^ Jump up to:a b Bloch, Francis; Vijayendra Rao (2002). â€Å"Terror as a Bargaining Instrument: A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India†. The American Economic Review 92 (4): 1029–1043.doi:10.1257/00028280260344588. 19. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g PRASAD, B. DEVI (1994). â€Å"Dowry-Related Violence: A Content Analysis of News in Selected Newspapers†. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 25 (1): 71–89. 20. ^ Jump up to:a b Hackett, Michelle T. (2011). â€Å"Domestic Violence against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes across India†. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 42 (2): 267–288. External links[edit]